Interview at SpaceComm Expo Europe: SteamJet CEO Marco Pavan on Water‑Based CubeSat Thrusters

Interview at SpaceComm Expo Europe: SteamJet CEO Marco Pavan on Water‑Based CubeSat Thrusters

Marco Pavan, CEO of the British startup SteamJet Space Systems, gave an interview to Reuters during Space-Comm Expo Europe (March 4–5, 2026). During the conversation, he spoke about a technology that brings steam to space through compact thrusters for small satellites.

SteamJet Space Systems develops water-based thrusters for CubeSats. In this system, water from a small tank under moderate pressure flows through the system. Then it is heated to high-temperature steam, and is expelled through a nozzle, creating thrust. Marco Pavan highlighted that this kind of propulsion system can significantly extend satellite service life. Approximately from a couple of years to five years. At the same time, it is an eco-friendly alternative to chemical thrusters.

In addition, during the interview, Marco Pavan also presented the TunaCan thruster for CubeSats. He shared how many TunaCan thrusters are already operating in orbit and explained details of NASA’s upcoming Artemis II mission, in which a TunaCan thruster will be used on a secondary CubeSat payload.

Watch the full interview via this link to learn more about SteamJet Space Systems’ steam propulsion technology and the TunaCan thruster’s role in NASA’s Artemis II mission.

About SteamJet Space Systems

SteamJet Space Systems is a leading UK-based provider of high-performance satellite propulsion solutions. We specialise in water-based thrusters designed specifically for CubeSats and Small Satellites (SmallSats), with a strong focus on water-based thruster safety.

By pioneering the use of green propellants and intelligent thermal engineering, SteamJet enables complex LEO (Low Earth Orbit) manoeuvres — including orbital maintenance, collision avoidance, and de-orbiting — without the risks associated with toxic hydrazine or high-pressure cold gas systems, advancing green propulsion for space missions.

Steamjet Propulsion Technology

Our modular systems are engineered for seamless integration and maximum safety compliance:

Steam TunaCan Thruster: A compact, high-efficiency solution for 1U-3U CubeSats.

Steam Thruster One: Scalable propulsion for larger SmallSat constellations.

Discover how SteamJet’s sustainable space propulsion innovations are providing the safety and reliability required for the next generation of crewed and robotic missions. Contact our engineering team for technical specifications and ICDs.

How We Measure Thrust for Artemis II

thrust measurement testing of propulsion system

Measuring Thrust in Space Missions

In space, any spacecraft needs a propulsion system to perform maneuvers. Even small thrusters can make a huge difference by delivering orbit correction, station keeping, and trajectory control. Thus, thrust measurement is a crucial step in developing a propulsion system.

It is especially important for small satellite propulsion systems because their thrust can be as low as a few micronewtons. These values require specialized, highly sensitive measurement methods.

Before the thruster is cleared for the space mission, it is rigorously tested in the laboratory to ensure its readiness. Spacecraft propulsion testing allows for verifying that the system operates stably and that the actual micro-thruster performance matches the calculations.

Test Environment for Space Propulsion Systems

The conditions for propulsion system tests must be as close as possible to those in space. Additionally, the process involves verifying performance in all operational modes and under all relevant settings for in-orbit operation aboard the satellite. A vacuum chamber is used to achieve these goals.

During the vacuum chamber testing, the air is removed from the chamber. It allows for creating the environment in which the thruster will operate in orbit. This is important because many types of electric propulsion systems are sensitive to ambient pressure.

Protecting the measuring equipment from external influences is equally important. Vibration isolation systems are used for this purpose to minimize the effect of building and equipment vibrations.

Moreover, various sensor systems are used in the laboratory to acquire high-precision data and ensure stable and repeatable results within the propulsion test environment.

How Thrust Measurements Are Calibrated

Engineers have to perform a thorough thrust calibration of the measuring system before beginning the testing procedures. It is done to correctly register even the smallest forces.

There are a few stages in the calibration process. First of all, reference forces are applied to record the system response and to calculate the coefficients required to convert the measured displacement into a force value.

The next step is to check the data acquisition system. The engineers make sure that all the data from sensors is recorded correctly without any distortions.

Uncertainty analysis is another crucial step. Any measurement contains minor errors, and the engineers have to estimate them. This analysis allows for determining propulsion measurement accuracy and guarantees that the test results meet the requirements of the mission.

These procedures are a standard part of thrust stand calibration and are mandatory for the certification of propulsion systems.

Thrust Measurement for Artemis II Propulsion Testing

When the thruster is prepared for space missions, there is a series of laboratory tests. The propulsion system testing campaign includes checking the thruster performance, thrust measurement, and ensuring its stability.

As part of preparations for the Artemis II mission, these procedures ensured that propulsion systems met mission requirements. The tests were conducted in vacuum conditions, where specialists verified thrust performance and analyzed engine behavior under different operating modes.

Thrust measurement is a standard procedure. Basic and necessary stage in developing any propulsion system. This cycle of tests is conducted both during the research and development (R&D) stage and during acceptance testing of the finished product.

The main goal is to ensure that the propulsion system generates the required thrust consistently and repeatedly. Engineers have to check that the system works and obtain accurate quantitative data on its behavior.

During thrust measurement procedures, the level of thrust is determined. In addition, the operating mode of valves and other elements that control the supply of propellant is evaluated. It is also important to check that the entire control chain—from command to actual thrust—is working correctly and predictably.

As a result of testing, engineers obtained specific numerical data. These indicators show that the system is performing as expected, its characteristics are stable, and the thruster is ready for further testing and operation.

This approach is an important part of spacecraft propulsion validation and is used in the preparation for complex space missions.

About SteamJet Space Systems

SteamJet Space Systems is a leading UK-based provider of high-performance satellite propulsion solutions. We specialise in water-based thrusters designed specifically for CubeSats and Small Satellites (SmallSats), with a strong focus on water-based thruster safety.

By pioneering the use of green propellants and intelligent thermal engineering, SteamJet enables complex LEO (Low Earth Orbit) manoeuvres — including orbital maintenance, collision avoidance, and de-orbiting — without the risks associated with toxic hydrazine or high-pressure cold gas systems, advancing green propulsion for space missions.

Steamjet Propulsion Technology

Our modular systems are engineered for seamless integration and maximum safety compliance:

Steam TunaCan Thruster: A compact, high-efficiency solution for 1U-3U CubeSats.

Steam Thruster One: Scalable propulsion for larger SmallSat constellations.

Discover how SteamJet’s sustainable space propulsion innovations are providing the safety and reliability required for the next generation of crewed and robotic missions. Contact our engineering team for technical specifications and ICDs.

What Is a FEEP Thruster? Field-Emission Electric Propulsion for Small Satellites

Steamjet TunaCan Thruster as a hight-thrust alternative for the CubeSats

The small satellite market has been expanding rapidly over the past decade. CubeSats are no longer used solely for educational purposes but have evolved into a vital tool for Earth observation, telecommunications, scientific research, and commercial constellations. As the mission complexity grows, so do the requirements for propulsion systems.

Missions that use CubeSats previously relied on passive orbital lifetimes. However, today’s mission operators demand precise orbit maneuvering, station-keeping, collision avoidance, constellation phasing, and reliable end-of-life deorbiting. Thus, propulsion systems have to deliver controlled thrust with high efficiency. On top of that, it has to remain compatible in terms of mass, volume, and power constraints.

What Is Field-Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP)

Field emission electric propulsion (FEEP) is an electrostatic propulsion method. An ion thruster, which uses liquid metal as a propellant. Usually, this type of thruster uses caesium, indium, or mercury.

Thrust is generated by electrostatic acceleration of metal ions. Ionization occurs due to liquid fuel: a strong electric field is created between the metal propellant and a special electrode. Under its influence, propellant particles become charged (they become ions).

The propellant is liquified only once, in space or during vacuum testing on Earth. Therefore, during assembly, integration, and launch, the FEEP system remains solid and inert. The propellant is supplied automatically: capillary forces and surface tension cause it to flow from the tank to the emitter without pumps or pressure. Even after the mission is complete, the system does not need to be additionally deactivated; it self-passivates.

Advantages of FEEP

The FEEP system simplifies assembly, testing, and launch. It is delivered fully assembled and fueled, with the tank and propellant already inside. No additional refueling is required at the satellite manufacturing facility or at the launch site.

There are no pressurized components in the system, and propellant is safe: it is non-toxic, non-reactive, and non-radioactive. This eliminates the need for complex safety measures, saving satellite manufacturers time and money.

Main advantages include:

  • There are no high-pressure components in the design
  • No additional safety procedures are required
  • There is no refueling process before launch
  • Safe materials are used, with no toxicity, reactivity, or radiation
  • There are no special conditions for launch preparation

Limitations and Challenges of FEEP

Despite its many benefits, FEEP does have certain drawbacks.

  • Low thrust. Ion thrusters generate low thrust levels, approximately at the micronewton level. Thus, it requires long burn times to achieve significant velocity changes.
  • Erosion of the grid. Due to the impact of ions, the grids are influenced by erosion, which limits the lifetime of the thruster. 
  • System complexity. The system requires power supplies and complicated control systems.

FEEP vs. Alternative Propulsion Technologies for Small Satellites

Parameter
FEEP
Cold Gas
SteamJet Propulsion
Thrust Level
Very Low
Low–Medium
Low–Medium
Precision
Extremely High
Moderate
High
Isp
Very High
Low
Moderate
Power Consumption per Unit Thrust
Highest
Lowest
Low
Propellant Safety
High (solid, non-toxic)
Lower (pressurized gas)
Highest
Scalability
Limited
Good
Very Good
Structural Complexity
Highest
Moderate
Lowest
System size
Small
Largest
Smallest (0U)
Cost
Highest
Lower
Low

In conclusion, propulsion systems are critically important for small satellite missions. These systems enable orbital maneuvers, enhance operational flexibility, and significantly expand overall mission capabilities. In addition, propulsion extends mission lifetime by allowing station-keeping, collision avoidance, drag compensation, and controlled deorbiting at end-of-life..

Each mission has its own unique set of requirements. Different types of propulsion systems are designed to address specific needs. Field-Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) is well-suited for missions that demand excellent thrust control and minimal disturbance. According to NASA’s State-of-the-Art Small Spacecraft Technology report, FEEP systems are uniquely capable of delivering the fine thrust control required for complex maneuvers like station-keeping and drag compensation in Low Earth Orbit. At the same time, broader commercial and constellation missions may prioritize scalability, safety, ease of integration, and cost efficiency.

About SteamJet Space Systems

SteamJet Space Systems is a leading UK-based provider of high-performance satellite propulsion solutions. We specialise in water-based thrusters designed specifically for CubeSats and Small Satellites (SmallSats), with a strong focus on water-based thruster safety.

By pioneering the use of green propellants and intelligent thermal engineering, SteamJet enables complex LEO (Low Earth Orbit) manoeuvres — including orbital maintenance, collision avoidance, and de-orbiting — without the risks associated with toxic hydrazine or high-pressure cold gas systems, advancing green propulsion for space missions.

Steamjet Propulsion Technology

Our modular systems are engineered for seamless integration and maximum safety compliance:

Steam TunaCan Thruster: A compact, high-efficiency solution for 1U-3U CubeSats.

Steam Thruster One: Scalable propulsion for larger SmallSat constellations.

Discover how SteamJet’s sustainable space propulsion innovations are providing the safety and reliability required for the next generation of crewed and robotic missions. Contact our engineering team for technical specifications and ICDs.

SteamJet Space at Space-Comm Expo Europe 2026

SteamJet Space at SpaceComm conference 2026

SteamJet Space will attend the Space-Comm Expo Europe on 4-5 March 2026. It is one of the key space industry events in Europe that is going to take place in London.

SpaceComm Conference 2026

Satellite Propulsion Technology at the SpaceComm Conference

At Space-Comm Expo Europe 2026, our CEO Marco Pavan will introduce propulsion technologies that allows to:

  • deploy and maintain satellite constellations effectively
  • deliver precision manoeuvring and orbit control
  • perform in-orbit operations and servicing
  • preserve long-term mission sustainability

We would like  to expand the professional network in the space industry, directly engage with satellite manufacturers, integrators and mission planners.

On top of that, it is important to demonstrate the practical benefits of SteamJet’s propulsion technology for the ideal customer:

  • environmentally friendly propulsion system
  • reliability and low-risk operation
  • ITAR-free, which enables international collaboration
  • simple integration to reduce mission complexity

You are welcome to experience SteamJet propulsion models firsthand at our display.

Why the SpaceComm Conference Matters for the Space Industry

Space-Comm Expo Europe will bring together government representatives, investors, innovators and space leaders from all over the world. There will be six world-class conferences over two days, which are designed as strategic platforms to move the space industry forward.

For SteamJet Space the exhibition provides an important opportunity to engage with satellite manufacturers, in-orbit service providers, institutional and commercial stakeholders.

If you are planning to visit Space-Comm Expo Europe 2026, we are inviting you to connect with Marco Pavan, CEO and Co-Founder of SteamJet Space at stand SU6. He will be available to discuss satellite propulsion system capabilities, manoeuvring solutions, and potential collaboration opportunities.

The space sector continues to evolve and efficient, reliable propulsion systems are crucial for mission success. Our team is committed to delivering advanced propulsion systems that enhance satellite performance, extend mission lifetimes and enable sustainable in-orbit operations.

Event: Space-Comm Expo Europe 2026

Date: 4–5 March 2026

Location: London, United Kingdom

Booth: SU6

You are welcome to connect with the SteamJet Space team in advance for more information or to arrange a meeting during the exhibition.

About SteamJet Space Systems

SteamJet Space Systems is a leading UK-based provider of high-performance satellite propulsion solutions. We specialize in water-based thrusters designed specifically for CubeSats and Small Satellites (SmallSats), with a strong focus on water-based thruster safety.

By pioneering the use of green propellants and intelligent thermal engineering, SteamJet enables complex LEO (Low Earth Orbit) maneuvers — including orbital maintenance, collision avoidance, and de-orbiting — without the risks associated with toxic hydrazine or high-pressure cold gas systems, advancing green propulsion for space missions.

Steamjet Propulsion Technology

Our modular systems are engineered for seamless integration and maximum safety compliance:

Steam TunaCan Thruster: A compact, high-efficiency solution for 1U-3U CubeSats.

Steam Thruster One: Scalable propulsion for larger SmallSat constellations.

Discover how SteamJet’s sustainable space propulsion innovations are providing the safety and reliability required for the next generation of crewed and robotic missions.